Each in-text citation must also have an entry in the reference list.
The reference list should include only information sources that you used in your paper.

Format tips:

• Capitalize only—
• The first word of the title.
• The first word of the subtitle.
• Any proper names.
• Do not underline the title.
• Do not put quotation marks around the titles of periodical titles or chapters.
• Single space the reference list (the double space requirement is for journal submissions only)
• Entries should have a hanging indent format. In a hanging indent, the first line of the entry is flush with the left margin. The remaining lines of each entry should be indented. E.g.—

If the hanging indent format is difficult to do in your word processing program, indent the first line of the entry and put the rest of lines in the entry flush with the left margin. E.g.—

        Baggins, F, & Grey, G. (2001, October 31). Tips for fighting Orks and winning: A handbook of how to fight evil without loosing any of your vital body parts. Psychology of Orks 2, 4-9. Retrieved January 16, 2002, from the Periodical Abstracts database.

Alphabetizing the reference list:

• Alphabetize the entries by the author’s last name or by the first word in the citation. Use only the author’s last name and initials.
• If you have several publications by the same author, arrange them by date with the earliest publication listed first. E.g.—
•  Hernon, P. W. (2001)….
•  Hernon, P. W. (1998)….
• Entries with the same first author and different second and/or third authors are arranged alphabetically by the name of the second author. E.g.—
•  Hernon, P. W. & Brown, D. D. (2000)….
•  Hernon, P. W. & Zapotec, Q. U. (2001)….
• Alphabetize group authors by the first word of the group name.
• When a work is signed “Anonymous,” begin the entry with the word "Anonymous." Alphabetize using the word "Anonymous" as if it were the author’s name.
• When no author is given, move the title into the author position in front of the date. Use the first word in the title to alphabetize the entry. E.g.—
• Untitled Poetry. (1904)….
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• List the author’s last name first, follow by a comma and the author’s initials. E.g.--
•  Hernon, P. W. (2001)….
• For 1 to 6 authors, list all authors’ last names and initials. E.g.—
• Hernon, P. W., Brown, D. D., Zapotec, Q. U., Baggins, F., Baggins, B., & Gray, G. (2000)….
• For 7 or more authors, list the first 6 authors. Put a comma after the 6th author and add the words “et al.” followed by a period. Do not italicize “et al.”
• Hernon, P. W., Brown, D. D., Zapotec, Q. U., Baggins, F., Baggins, B., Gray, G., et al. (1998)….
• Do not abbreviate the names of group authors such as the American Psychological Association.
• When you have an editor/s instead of an author, put the editor/s name/s in the author position. Add the abbreviation “Ed.” or “Eds.” in parentheses after the last editor’s name. E.g.—
• Zapotec. Q. U. (Ed.). (1998)….
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• Put the date the information source was copyrighted or produced in parentheses.
• If the month and day are given for magazines, journals, newsletters, newspapers, etc., give the year first, followed by the month and day. E. g.—
•  Baggins, F. (1998, December 14)….
• When no date is given, put n.d. in parentheses. E.g.—
•  Hernon, P. W. (n.d.)….
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Titles for: books and nonperiodical works such as brochures, motion pictures, videotapes, CD’s, computer software, data files, internet and electronic resources:

• Italicize the title.
• Capitalize the first word of the title and of the subtitle and proper nouns.
• Subtitles are part of the title and are preceded by a semicolon. Capitalize the word following the semicolon (:). E.g.—sample title is in green with subtitle in orange:
•  APA citation styles for undergraduate students: Explaining the intricacies and nuances.
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• Titles for this type of source must also contain publication information such as volume, and issue numbers (if given) and the page numbers of the article used from the periodical. E.g.—
• Psychology of Orks, 100(2), 204-232.
• 100 = volume number; (2) = issue number; 204-232 = page numbers.
• Newsweekly for the Shire, 135, 28-31.
• 135 = volume number; 28-31 = page numbers.
• Capitalize all important words in the title.
• Italicize the title of the periodical and the volume number.
• In the examples above, Psychology of Orks, 100 and Newsweekly for the Shire, 135, are italicized.
• Give the volume number and the issue number if available. Do not put the words "Vol." or "Is." in front of the volume or issue numbers.
• List all the pages on which the article appears. E.g. from the examples above--
• 204-232.
• 28-31.
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• Capitalize the first word of the title and the first word of the subtitle.
• Capitalize all proper nouns in the title.
• DO NOT italicize the title.
• DO NOT put quotation marks around the title.
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• After you list the author of the chapter, the date of publication, and the title of the chapter, you must also:
• 1) Add the word “In.”
• 2) List the editor of the book if given—DO NOT INVERT THE EDITOR'S NAME.
• 3) Put the word “Ed. or Eds.” in parentheses and place after the name of the editor/s.
• 4) Put a comma after the parentheses.
• 5) Finish the citation with the title of the book and end with the page numbers of the chapter in parentheses.
• E.g.—

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• Include the date you retrieved the information.
• Include the document or source Internet address (URL) at the end of the retrieval statement. E. g.—


• If you have used an on-line database or index such as Periodical Abstracts or Lexis/Nexis, include the name of the database; DO NOT INCLUDE THE INTERNET ADDRESS OR URL. E.g.—

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